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ISO 14031 - Environmental Performance Evaluation : Practical Tools and Techniques
Author: Kuhre, W. Lee

Cover: Hard cover
Pages: 462
List Price: $69.95
Published by Prentice Hall
Date Published: 08/1997
ISBN: 0132681862


Table of Contents

Preface                                            xi 
  Using the Floppy                                   xv
  PART ONE:  Background                              1  
    Chapter 1  Introduction                          3  
      Overview of EPE                                3  
      Overview of ISO 14031                          5  
      EPE versus Auditing                            6  
      EPE versus Environmental Impact Assessment     6  
      Focus                                          6  
      Historical Development of EPE                  7  
      Relationship of EPE with EMS                   8  
      Applicability of EPE                           9  
      Aspects, Impacts, and Effects                  9  
      Environmental Indicators and Metrics           10 
      Organization of the Book                       10 
    Chapter 2  Benefits and/or Objectives of         13 
    Doing EPE
      Introduction                                   13 
      Understanding Impacts on the Environment       13 
      Help Improve the Environment                   13 
      Determine whether Goals, Targets, and          14 
      Objectives Are Met
      Improve Organizational Efficiency and          14 
      Profitability
      Achieve and Demonstrate Compliance with        15 
      Regulations
      Basis for Benchmarking                         15 
      Improve Community and Customer Relations       16 
      Help Determine Proper Allocation of            17 
      Resources
      Help with Cost/Expense Management              17 
      Basis for Continuous Improvement of EMS        17 
      Track Degree of Implementation of EMS          18 
      Help Identify Basic Problem or Root Cause      18 
      Raise Awareness within the Organization        18 
      Support Environmental Labelling Programs       19 
      Basis for Rewarding Employees                  19 
    Chapter 3  ISO 14031 Guideline                   21 
      Introduction                                   21 
      Scope                                          22 
      Normative References                           22 
      Definitions                                    22 
      General Overview of EPE                        23 
      Planning EPE                                   23 
      Evaluating Environmental Performance           26 
      Reviewing and Improving EPE                    28 
      Annex A to the ISO 14031                       29 
      Guideline--Supplemental Guidance on EPE
      Annex B to the ISO 14031                       29 
      Guideline--Bibliography
    Chapter 4  Major Subdivisions of                 31 
    Environmental Performance Evaluation
      Introduction                                   31 
      ISO 14031 Suggested Subdivisions               32 
      Product Type Subdivisions                      35 
      Operational Location Subdivisions              35 
      Process Type Subdivisions                      35 
      Impact/Aspect Type Subdivisions                36 
      Combined Subject Subdivisions                  36 
    Chapter 5  Relationship of EPE to Legislation    39 
      Introduction                                   39 
      Hazardous Material and Waste Regulations       40 
      Water Legislation                              46 
      Air Legislation                                47 
      Other Legislation                              50 
    Chapter 6  Stakeholders Involved with EPE        53 
      Introduction                                   53 
      Relationship to EPE                            53 
      Internal to the Organization                   55 
      External to the Organization                   57 
    Chapter 7  Related Assessments and Methods       61 
    That Can Supplement EPE
      Introduction                                   61 
      Scientific Method                              61 
      Environmental Impact Assessment Process        74 
      Risk Assessment                                76 
      Modeling                                       79 
      Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)                    86 
  PART TWO:  Specific Tools, Procedures, and         93 
  Techniques for Doing EPE
    Chapter 8  Initial EPE Actions and Planning      95 
      Introduction                                   95 
      Identification of Resources Needed             95 
      Getting Commitment of Top Management           97 
      Obtaining Necessary Resources                  97 
      Forming an EPE Team                            97 
      Preparing Scope, Goals, and Objectives         98 
      Determining Major EPE Organization or          99 
      Subdivisions
      Preparing the Overall EPE Plan                 99 
      Preparing Working Documents, Procedures,       100
      and Tools
    Chapter 9  Review and Use of Existing            101
    Information
      Introduction                                   101
      Review and Use of Policies, Principles,        101
      Goals, Objectives, Targets, and
      Environmental Criteria
      Review and Use of Aspect/Impact Information    103
      Review and Use of Other Background Materials   107
    Chapter 10  Selection of Indicators and          109
    Metrics
      Introduction                                   109
      Indictors Types                                110
      Desirable Characteristics of Indicators        111
      Methods for Selecting Indicators               116
      Grouping of Indicators                         118
      Depth of Indicators                            118
      Micro-Macro Linkages                           118
      Prioritization of Indicators                   119
      Procedure for Using Indicators                 119
      Management System EMIs                         120
      Operational System EPIs                        120
      State of the Environment EIs                   124
    Chapter 11  Collection and Initial Processing    129
    of Environmental Performance Data
      Introduction                                   129
      Sources of Data and Availability               129
      Criteria for Admissibility of Data             130
      General Forms of Data Collection               132
      Obtaining Samples and Readings                 133
      Field Analysis                                 143
      Laboratory Analysis                            147
    Chapter 12  Management of Data and               151
    Interpretations/Evaluation
      Introduction                                   151
      Data Storage                                   152
      Preliminary Data Evaluation                    154
      Mathematical/Statistical Evaluation            154
      Reaching Interpretations/Evaluation            156
    Chapter 13  EPE Reports, Records, and            161
    Documentation
      Introduction                                   161
      General Characteristics or Considerations      161
      Content                                        165
    Chapter 14  Communication and Use of Findings    171
      Introduction                                   171
      Communicating Findings                         171
      Making Improvements to the EMS and EP          176
      Assessing Conformance with Targets,            176
      Objectives, and Regulations
      Improving the Organization's Efficiency and    177
      Profitability
      Support of other Programs                      177
      Basis for Rewarding Employees                  178
      Benchmark Against Other Organizations          178
      Determine Proper Allocation of Resources       178
      Continuous Improvement                         179
  PART THREE:  Environmental Performance             181
  Evaluation for Select Industries
    Chapter 15  Electronics Manufacturing            183
      Introduction                                   183
      Indicators for Major Phases of the Operation   185
      Special Resources Needed                       189
      Major EPE Subdivisions Recommended             189
      Commonly Used Internal Sources of Data         189
      Commonly Used External Sources of Data         190
      Special Sample/Data Collection                 190
      Considerations
    Chapter 16  Telecommunications                   191
      Introduction                                   191
      Environmental Indicators for Major Phases      192
      of the Operation
      Special Resources Needed                       197
      Major EPE Subdivisions Recommended             197
      Commonly Used Internal Sources of Data         197
      Commonly Used External Sources of Data         197
      Special Sample/Data Collection                 198
      Considerations
    Chapter 17  Mineral Development                  199
      Introduction                                   199
      Environmental Indicators for Major Phases      202
      of the Operation
      Special Resources Needed                       207
      Major EPE Subdivisions Recommended             207
      Commonly Used Internal Sources of Data         208
      Commonly Used External Sources of Data         208
      Special Sample/Data Collection                 208
      Considerations
    Chapter 18  Oil and Gas Industry                 211
      Introduction                                   211
      Environmental Indicators for Major Phases      212
      of the Operation
      Special Resources Needed                       216
      Major EPE Subdivisions Recommended             217
      Commonly Used Internal Sources of Data         217
      Commonly Used External Sources of Data         217
      Special Sample/Data Collection                 218
      Considerations
    Chapter 19  Power Generation                     219
      Introduction                                   219
      Indicators for Major Phases of the Operation   221
      Special Resources Needed                       225
      Major EPE Subdivisions Recommended             226
      Commonly Used Internal Sources of Data         226
      Commonly Used External Sources of Data         226
      Special Sample/Data Collection                 227
      Considerations
    Chapter 20  Conclusion                           229
  Appendix A Review of Environmental Impact          231
  Assessment Methodologies
  Appendix B  ISO 14001 Certification                257
  Analysis--Management System Indicators
  Appendix C  Multiple Criteria                      267
  Assessment--Operational System Indicators
  Appendix D  Ecological Indicators--State of the    283
  Environment
  Abbreviations and Acronyms                         451
  References                                         455
  Index                                              459