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ISO 14031 - Environmental Performance Evaluation : Practical Tools and Techniques
Author: Kuhre, W. Lee
Cover: Hard cover
Pages: 462
List Price: $69.95
Published by Prentice Hall
Date Published: 08/1997
ISBN: 0132681862
Table of Contents
Preface xi
Using the Floppy xv
PART ONE: Background 1
Chapter 1 Introduction 3
Overview of EPE 3
Overview of ISO 14031 5
EPE versus Auditing 6
EPE versus Environmental Impact Assessment 6
Focus 6
Historical Development of EPE 7
Relationship of EPE with EMS 8
Applicability of EPE 9
Aspects, Impacts, and Effects 9
Environmental Indicators and Metrics 10
Organization of the Book 10
Chapter 2 Benefits and/or Objectives of 13
Doing EPE
Introduction 13
Understanding Impacts on the Environment 13
Help Improve the Environment 13
Determine whether Goals, Targets, and 14
Objectives Are Met
Improve Organizational Efficiency and 14
Profitability
Achieve and Demonstrate Compliance with 15
Regulations
Basis for Benchmarking 15
Improve Community and Customer Relations 16
Help Determine Proper Allocation of 17
Resources
Help with Cost/Expense Management 17
Basis for Continuous Improvement of EMS 17
Track Degree of Implementation of EMS 18
Help Identify Basic Problem or Root Cause 18
Raise Awareness within the Organization 18
Support Environmental Labelling Programs 19
Basis for Rewarding Employees 19
Chapter 3 ISO 14031 Guideline 21
Introduction 21
Scope 22
Normative References 22
Definitions 22
General Overview of EPE 23
Planning EPE 23
Evaluating Environmental Performance 26
Reviewing and Improving EPE 28
Annex A to the ISO 14031 29
Guideline--Supplemental Guidance on EPE
Annex B to the ISO 14031 29
Guideline--Bibliography
Chapter 4 Major Subdivisions of 31
Environmental Performance Evaluation
Introduction 31
ISO 14031 Suggested Subdivisions 32
Product Type Subdivisions 35
Operational Location Subdivisions 35
Process Type Subdivisions 35
Impact/Aspect Type Subdivisions 36
Combined Subject Subdivisions 36
Chapter 5 Relationship of EPE to Legislation 39
Introduction 39
Hazardous Material and Waste Regulations 40
Water Legislation 46
Air Legislation 47
Other Legislation 50
Chapter 6 Stakeholders Involved with EPE 53
Introduction 53
Relationship to EPE 53
Internal to the Organization 55
External to the Organization 57
Chapter 7 Related Assessments and Methods 61
That Can Supplement EPE
Introduction 61
Scientific Method 61
Environmental Impact Assessment Process 74
Risk Assessment 76
Modeling 79
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) 86
PART TWO: Specific Tools, Procedures, and 93
Techniques for Doing EPE
Chapter 8 Initial EPE Actions and Planning 95
Introduction 95
Identification of Resources Needed 95
Getting Commitment of Top Management 97
Obtaining Necessary Resources 97
Forming an EPE Team 97
Preparing Scope, Goals, and Objectives 98
Determining Major EPE Organization or 99
Subdivisions
Preparing the Overall EPE Plan 99
Preparing Working Documents, Procedures, 100
and Tools
Chapter 9 Review and Use of Existing 101
Information
Introduction 101
Review and Use of Policies, Principles, 101
Goals, Objectives, Targets, and
Environmental Criteria
Review and Use of Aspect/Impact Information 103
Review and Use of Other Background Materials 107
Chapter 10 Selection of Indicators and 109
Metrics
Introduction 109
Indictors Types 110
Desirable Characteristics of Indicators 111
Methods for Selecting Indicators 116
Grouping of Indicators 118
Depth of Indicators 118
Micro-Macro Linkages 118
Prioritization of Indicators 119
Procedure for Using Indicators 119
Management System EMIs 120
Operational System EPIs 120
State of the Environment EIs 124
Chapter 11 Collection and Initial Processing 129
of Environmental Performance Data
Introduction 129
Sources of Data and Availability 129
Criteria for Admissibility of Data 130
General Forms of Data Collection 132
Obtaining Samples and Readings 133
Field Analysis 143
Laboratory Analysis 147
Chapter 12 Management of Data and 151
Interpretations/Evaluation
Introduction 151
Data Storage 152
Preliminary Data Evaluation 154
Mathematical/Statistical Evaluation 154
Reaching Interpretations/Evaluation 156
Chapter 13 EPE Reports, Records, and 161
Documentation
Introduction 161
General Characteristics or Considerations 161
Content 165
Chapter 14 Communication and Use of Findings 171
Introduction 171
Communicating Findings 171
Making Improvements to the EMS and EP 176
Assessing Conformance with Targets, 176
Objectives, and Regulations
Improving the Organization's Efficiency and 177
Profitability
Support of other Programs 177
Basis for Rewarding Employees 178
Benchmark Against Other Organizations 178
Determine Proper Allocation of Resources 178
Continuous Improvement 179
PART THREE: Environmental Performance 181
Evaluation for Select Industries
Chapter 15 Electronics Manufacturing 183
Introduction 183
Indicators for Major Phases of the Operation 185
Special Resources Needed 189
Major EPE Subdivisions Recommended 189
Commonly Used Internal Sources of Data 189
Commonly Used External Sources of Data 190
Special Sample/Data Collection 190
Considerations
Chapter 16 Telecommunications 191
Introduction 191
Environmental Indicators for Major Phases 192
of the Operation
Special Resources Needed 197
Major EPE Subdivisions Recommended 197
Commonly Used Internal Sources of Data 197
Commonly Used External Sources of Data 197
Special Sample/Data Collection 198
Considerations
Chapter 17 Mineral Development 199
Introduction 199
Environmental Indicators for Major Phases 202
of the Operation
Special Resources Needed 207
Major EPE Subdivisions Recommended 207
Commonly Used Internal Sources of Data 208
Commonly Used External Sources of Data 208
Special Sample/Data Collection 208
Considerations
Chapter 18 Oil and Gas Industry 211
Introduction 211
Environmental Indicators for Major Phases 212
of the Operation
Special Resources Needed 216
Major EPE Subdivisions Recommended 217
Commonly Used Internal Sources of Data 217
Commonly Used External Sources of Data 217
Special Sample/Data Collection 218
Considerations
Chapter 19 Power Generation 219
Introduction 219
Indicators for Major Phases of the Operation 221
Special Resources Needed 225
Major EPE Subdivisions Recommended 226
Commonly Used Internal Sources of Data 226
Commonly Used External Sources of Data 226
Special Sample/Data Collection 227
Considerations
Chapter 20 Conclusion 229
Appendix A Review of Environmental Impact 231
Assessment Methodologies
Appendix B ISO 14001 Certification 257
Analysis--Management System Indicators
Appendix C Multiple Criteria 267
Assessment--Operational System Indicators
Appendix D Ecological Indicators--State of the 283
Environment
Abbreviations and Acronyms 451
References 455
Index 459
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